Assignment on Literature Review
Topic: An Exploration of Dystopia and Delirium in selected Indian English Fiction
Paper : 1 Research Methodology
Submitted at; Department of English, MKBU,
In the subject of ENGLISH under the Faculty of Arts, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar.
Ph.D student : Minkal Italiya
A Table of all works reviewed or considered for review.
Table 1. Names of the journals or Books and the numbers of the relevant articles included.
Table 2 : Research Studies on Cultural hegemony, Identical crisis and Apocalyptic or Post Apocalyptic scenario in contemporary Dystopian Indian English fictions
2. Annotated Bibliography of selected works in alphabetical order.
Herrero, Dolores. “Populism and Precarity in Contemporary IndianDystopian Fiction:Nayantara Sehgal's When the Moon Shines by Day and Pryaag Akbar's Leila.” Journal of the Spanish Association of Anglo-American Studies, vol. 42, no. 2020: p. 214-232.
In this article both of the novels can be seen as critical dystopia in which populism and precarity are observed at the same time as well as it highlighted various ways which were used to present the barbarity of contemporary Indian nationalism. brings to our attention the lethal consequences of intolerance and supremacist beliefs, which can only lead to impoverishing isolation, racism, xenophobia and, last but not least, boost the ruling elite’s burning ambition to monopolise wealth and natural resources at the expense of their subalterns.
Khan, Sami Ahmad. “The Others in India’s Other Futures.” JSTOR, vol. 43, no.3,2016,pp. 479-95.
It elaborates on how the technoscientific transformation of India was presented in Indian English fictional work. Taking into consideration the fallacy of perceiving India as monolithically Hindu, it examines how India's future is being reinterpreted and how the very notion of Hinduism is creating threat for other minor communities.
Kuldova, Tereza Ostobo. “Thinking the delirious pandemic governance by numbers with Samit Basu’s Chosen Spirits and Prayaag Akbar’s Leila.” Journal of Postcolonial Writing, vol. 58, no. 2, 2022. Taylor & Francis Online, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17449855.2022.2040801.
The same phenomenon is addressed in different ways in both novels. To build their imaginary worlds of high inequality and dehumanising rule, where truth is systematically layered – be it by media, commercial messaging, or ideology — both exaggerate characteristics of technocratic governance, security and surveillance regimes, and neo-feudal connections of allegiance. In both, upper-middle-class heroines are compelled to acknowledge how they contribute to the perpetuation of oppressive structures while the most horrific atrocities unfold in the background. These Indian postcolonial dystopias capture this totalitarian end point of surveillance capitalism as a mode of governance.
Madhusudana, P N. “Utopian and Dystopian Literature: a comparative study.”International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT), vol. 6, no. 4, Dec 2018, pp.88-95.
In this research paper Dr. P.N.Madhusudan simply seeks to explore the themes of utopia and dystopia.These two literary genres that investigate social and political structures are the dystopia and its derivative, the utopia. Whereas in utopian fiction, the setting is depicted as having a variety of characteristics that readers frequently find to be typical of that which they would like to use as the backdrop for a novel, whether it be in utopia or reality. In dystopian fiction, on the other hand, a setting that is depicted as having various characteristics that readers frequently find to be characteristic of that which they would like to avoid in reality, or dystopia, is depicted. It also emphasises on Oscar Wild said, ‘Literature always anticipates life. It does not copy it, but moulds it to its purpose’. Either it is utopian literature or dystopian literature, it always focuses on the writing where we can assess the potential for change through creative imagination.
Raval, Piyush. “Dystopian Vision of Indian Society in Prayaag Akbar’s Leila.” Galaxy: International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, vol. 12, no. IV, August 2021, pp. 009-014, https://www.the-criterion.com/V12/n4/IN02.pdf.
The present research paper examines the dystopian vision of India in Leila (2017), a contemporary dystopian fiction in English by the journalist Prayaag Akbar. It mainly discusses the idea of a purity pyramid that came to have different meanings for all. The article also discusses the social divisions and intercommunal violence that the ruling political party in India generated around the time of its formation.
Robina, Esme R. “Disintegrating The Arena Of Power A Study Of The Future Milieus In The Select Dystopian Novels” 2020. Shodhganga : a reservoir of Indian thesis @INFLIBNET. Web. 6 May 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10603/305933.
It projects dystopian literature as a literature of pop culture and examines the scrutiny of power relations in apocalyptic novels. It mainly emphasises postcolonial aspects of the dystopian visions and brings out significant motifs of postcolonial world and dystopian society whereby identity is formed and alienated. The sense of loneliness produces an unstable sense of self because in apocalyptic literature, the identity of a person has undergone drastic change as being exposed to the dominant culture. In this scenario capitalism serves as a powerful tool to create identities of others.
Roberts, Dorothy E. “Race, Gender, and Genetic Technologies: A New Reproductive Dystopia?” Signs, vol. 34, no. 4, 2009, pp. 783–804. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.1086/597132. Accessed 30 Apr. 2023.
The present article analyses the damages caused by the medical model of disability. That promotes eugenic
elimination of genetic risk instead of ending discrimination against disabled People support state reliance
on individuals to secure their own well being through the use of genetic technologies. It examines the population control ideology that attributes social inequalities to childbearing by poor women of colour, thereby legitimising punitive regulation of these women's reproductive decisions.
3. Reorganise the 'order': Your 'hypothesis' shall guide you in reorganising. This re-ordering depends on the flow of your arguments. Make your own trajectory.
In, “Utopian and Dystopian Literature: a comparative study”, Dr.P.N.Madhusudan explores the two literary genres; utopia and dystopia.These two literary genres that investigate social and political structures are the dystopia and its derivative, the utopia. Whereas in utopian fiction, the setting is depicted as having a variety of characteristics that readers frequently find to be typical of that which they would like to use as the backdrop for a novel, whether it be in utopia or reality. In dystopian fiction, on the other hand, a setting that is depicted as having various characteristics that readers frequently find to be characteristic of that which they would like to avoid in reality, or dystopia, is depicted. It also emphasises on Oscar Wild said, ‘Literature always anticipates life. It does not copy it, but moulds it to its purpose’. Either it is utopian literature or dystopian literature, it always focuses on the writing where we can assess the potential for change through creative imagination.
In "The Others in India's Other Futures", Sami Ahmad Khan examines India which is undergoing a massive technoscientific transformation and shapes the thing to come. In addition by analysing contemporary sf novels in Indian. In addition, by analysing the four Indian English sf novels it brings into attention the socio-cultural reality of technoscientific civilization and political issues. Taking into consideration the fallacy of perceiving India as monolithically Hindu, it examines how India's future is being reinterpreted as well how the very notion of Hinduism is creating threat for other minor communities. Esme Robina describes dystopian literature as a literature of pop culture and examines the scrutiny of power relations in apocalyptic novels. It mainly emphasizes postcolonial aspects of the dystopian visions and brings out significant motifs of postcolonial world and dystopian society whereby identity is formed and alienated. The sense of loneliness produces an unstable sense of self because in apocalyptic literature, the identity of a person has undergone drastic change as being exposed to the dominant culture. In this scenario capitalism serves as a powerful tool to create identities of others.
Doleores Herrero analysed the populism and precarity in two contemporary Indian Dystopian fictions; Prayag Akbar's "Leila" and Nayantara Sehagal's "When the Moon Shines by Day". In Dystopia as Julia Gerhardvpoints out, “the concept of individuality is vanishing—personal life merges with the social, human body and mind are appropriated according to the communal needs of the state”. In the light of the above statement both novels can be seen as critical dystopia in which populism and precarity are observed at the same time as well as it highlighted various ways which were used to present the barbarity of contemporary Indian nationalism. brings to our attention the lethal consequences of intolerance and supremacist beliefs, which can only lead to impoverishing isolation, racism, xenophobia and, last but not least, boost the ruling elite’s burning ambition to monopolise wealth and natural resources at the expense of their subalterns.
In "Thinking the delirious pandemic governance by numbers with Samit Basu's Chosen Spirits and Prayaag Akbar's Leila, Tereza Ostobo Kjldova examines the process of making dystopia. To build their imaginary worlds of high inequality and dehumanising rule, where truth is systematically layered – be it by media, commercial messaging, or ideology — both exaggerate characteristics of technocratic governance, security and surveillance regimes, and neo-feudal connections of allegiance. In both, upper-middle-class heroines are compelled to acknowledge how they contribute to the perpetuation of oppressive structures while the most horrific atrocities unfold in the background. These Indian postcolonial dystopias capture this totalitarian end point of surveillance capitalism as a mode of governance.
In dystopian society, technology seems to be the governing force of surroundings that mould human behaviour and decide the behavioural pattern of humans in general and women in particular. Dorothy E Roberts examines the damages caused by the medical model of disability. That promotes eugenic elimination of genetic risk instead of ending discrimination against disabled people supports state reliance on individuals to secure their own well being through the use of genetic technologies. It examines the population control ideology that attributes social inequalities to childbearing by poor women of colour, thereby legitimising punitive regulation of these women's reproductive decisions.
4. Now write introductory and concluding lines. These lines shall be written to 'hook paragraphs' with each other. Write in such a way so the 'transitions' from one paragraph to another helps the 'flow of ideas'.
Over the time different writing styles and genres have been employed for the dissemination of utopian and dystopian narratives. Originally, Sir Thomas More’s Utopian vision of the world, where everything seems to be violence free, served as the antithesis of the term dystopia.In, “Utopian and Dystopian Literature: a comparative study”, Dr.P.N.Madhusudan explores the two literary genres; utopia and dystopia.These two literary genres that investigate social and political structures are the dystopia and its derivative, the utopia. Whereas in utopian fiction, the setting is depicted as having a variety of characteristics that readers frequently find to be typical of that which they would like to use as the backdrop for a novel, whether it be in utopia or reality. In dystopian fiction, on the other hand, a setting that is depicted as having various characteristics that readers frequently find to be characteristic of that which they would like to avoid in reality, or dystopia, is depicted. Either it is utopian literature or dystopian literature, it always focuses on the writing where we can assess the potential for change through creative imagination. Despite the terminology being so old, their definitions haven't altered all that much over the years. Today, the Oxford English Dictionary defines a dystopia as “An imaginary place or condition in which everything is as bad as possible.”
The dystopian literature propagates hegemonic culture, it is used to maintain consent to the capitalist order and propagates own values and norms so that they become the common sense value for all. Antonio Gramsci defines it as cultural, moral and ideological leadership of a group over allied and subaltern. Whereby elite people possess the power to control their subordinates. In "The Others in India's Other Futures", Sami Ahmad Khan examines India which is undergoing a massive technoscientific transformation and shapes the thing to come. In addition by analysing contemporary sf novels in India, it brings into attention the socio-cultural reality of technoscientific civilization and political issues. Taking into consideration the fallacy of perceiving India as monolithically Hindu, it examines how India's future is being reinterpreted and how the very notion of Hinduism creates threat for other minor communist.
Furthermore, orientation towards otherness gives a rise to precarity, Doleores Herrero analysed the populism and precarity in two contemporary Indian Dystopian fiction; Prayag Akbar's "Leila" and Nayantara Sehagal's "When the Moon Shines by Day". In Dystopia as Julia Gerhardvpoints out, “the concept of individuality is vanishing—personal life merges with the social, human body and mind are appropriated according to the communal needs of the state”. In the light of the above statement both novels can be seen as critical dystopia in which populism and precarity are observed at the same time as well as it highlighted various ways which were used to present the barbarity of contemporary Indian nationalism. It brings to our attention the lethal consequences of intolerance and supremacist beliefs, which can only lead to impoverishing isolation, racism, xenophobia and, last but not least, boost the ruling elite’s burning ambition to monopolise wealth and natural resources at the expense of their subalterns.
It can be said that in present we are living in growing dystopian society whereby slowly and steadily government has been encroaching individual freedom, for instance Governments all over the world quickly created new intelligent surveillance technologies in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, embraced near-real-time data-driven governance, and worked closely with private tech companies. They relied on lockdowns, behavioural engineering, vaccines, and immunity passports while also building on existing digital surveillance infrastructures. In "Thinking the delirious pandemic governance by numbers with Samit Basu's Chosen Spirits and Prayaag Akbar's Leila, Tereza Ostobo Kjldova examines the process of making dystopia. To build their imaginary worlds of high inequality and dehumanising rule, where truth is systematically layered – be it by media, commercial messaging, or ideology — both exaggerate characteristics of technocratic governance, security and surveillance regimes, and neo-feudal connections of allegiance. In both, upper-middle-class heroines are compelled to acknowledge how they contribute to the perpetuation of oppressive structures while the most horrific atrocities unfold in the background. These Indian postcolonial dystopias capture this totalitarian end point of surveillance capitalism as a mode of governance.
Furthermore, dystopian society, technology seems to be the governing force of surroundings that mould human behaviour and decide the behavioural pattern of humans in general and women in particular. Dorothy E Roberts examines the damages caused by the medical model of disability. That promotes eugenic elimination of genetic risk instead of ending discrimination against disabled people supports state reliance on individuals to secure their own well being through the use of genetic technologies. It examines the population control ideology that attributes social inequalities to childbearing by poor women of colour, thereby legitimising punitive regulation of these women's reproductive decisions.
5. Write concluding Paragraph of “Review of related Literature:
On the basis of literature review it is found that dystopian literature projects the darker elements of Indian society, politics, and culture.It depicts a fictitious world that is oppressive, authoritarian, and frequently futuristic, where people are subjected to various forms of discrimination, violence, and exploitation, as well as lack of individual freedom and creativity. As observed in contemporary dystopian indian english fiction such as Samit Basu’s The Chosen Spirits, Nayantara Sehgal’s When the Moon Shines by the Day, Paryag Akbar’s Leila; it is found that India's dystopian literature is a commentary on the results of unchecked power and corruption as well as a reflection of the social, economic, and political problems that the nation faces. It is a genre that questions the status quo and prompts readers to think critically about the social structures and systems that are currently in place. Everything is interconnected, the past moulds the present, and the present unfolds the future. The future is predicted by taking into account the present.
6.Write “Introduction”
Apocalyptic or post-apocalyptic fiction has emerged as the top literary subgenre as readers are fascinated by visions of the future's social and political climate. Numerous authors have experimented with this perception, using all the possibilities to create dystopian future stories. Early 20th century social and political upheavals led to the emergence of dystopian literature, which has its roots in that period. Utopia is “an imagined form of ideal or superior (thus usually communist) human society.”(Baldick#) It flourishes for the benefit of the populace and speaks of a supreme, ideal society where everyone is treated equally.
The turn from utopia to dystopia seems quite uncanny. Raffaella Baccolini in a paper Dystopia Matters: On the Use of Dystopia and Utopia, talks about the question of why dystopia, “Utopia has been for long under attack. When it is not questioned as a dangerous dream that can turn into a nightmare, it is devalued by its conflation with materialist satisfaction. Utopia is therefore often rejected or tamed. Our times need utopia more than ever, but they seem to be able to recover utopia mostly through dystopia” (Baccolini#). A society that has transformed into a nightmare existence, frequently characterised by totalitarianism, environmental catastrophe, and moral decline, is portrayed in dystopian literature.
In Western literary canon dystopian elements were already highlighted into the early classical dystopian works such as Orwell’s 1984, Aldous Huxley’s The Brave New World, Margaret Atwoods’s Handmaid’s Tale which depicted the controlled and disciplined system that state created through the utilisation of strictly regulated routine, prescribed social functions and constant surveillance. But it has been a relatively new genre in the canon of Indian English Literature. In Indian intellectual and educational circles, there are more indications now that the literature of change (literature of tomorrow) is taking on greater importance. As India is going through exponential technological change at the same time as the political environment is changing.(Khan#) In this way, India is currently a dynamic arena for conflict between the market forces of globalisation and the localising political-cultural responses that result from them.
Literature review of "An Exploration of Dystopia and Delirium in selected Indian English Fiction".
Apocalyptic or post-apocalyptic fiction has emerged as the top literary subgenre as readers are fascinated by visions of the future's social and political climate. Numerous authors have experimented with this perception, using all the possibilities to create dystopian future stories. Early 20th century social and political upheavals led to the emergence of dystopian literature, which has its roots in that period. Utopia is “an imagined form of ideal or superior (thus usually communist) human society.”(Baldick#) It flourishes for the benefit of the populace and speaks of a supreme, ideal society where everyone is treated equally.
The turn from utopia to dystopia seems quite uncanny. Raffaella Baccolini in a paper Dystopia Matters: On the Use of Dystopia and Utopia, talks about the question of why dystopia, “Utopia has been for long under attack. When it is not questioned as a dangerous dream that can turn into a nightmare, it is devalued by its conflation with materialist satisfaction. Utopia is therefore often rejected or tamed. Our times need utopia more than ever, but they seem to be able to recover utopia mostly through dystopia” (Baccolini#). A society that has transformed into a nightmare existence, frequently characterised by totalitarianism, environmental catastrophe, and moral decline, is portrayed in dystopian literature.
In Western literary canon dystopian elements were already highlighted into the early classical dystopian works such as Orwell’s 1984, Aldous Huxley’s The Brave New World, Margaret Atwoods’s Handmaid’s Tale which depicted the controlled and disciplined system that state created through the utilisation of strictly regulated routine, prescribed social functions and constant surveillance. But it has been a relatively new genre in the canon of Indian English Literature. In Indian intellectual and educational circles, there are more indications now that the literature of change (literature of tomorrow) is taking on greater importance. As India is going through exponential technological change at the same time as the political environment is changing.(Khan#) In this way, India is currently a dynamic arena for conflict between the market forces of globalisation and the localising political-cultural responses that result from them.
Over the time different writing styles and genres have been employed for the dissemination of utopian and dystopian narratives. Originally, Sir Thomas More’s Utopian vision of the world, where everything seems to be violence free, served as the antithesis of the term dystopia.In, “Utopian and Dystopian Literature: a comparative study”, Dr.P.N.Madhusudan explores the two literary genres; utopia and dystopia.These two literary genres that investigate social and political structures are the dystopia and its derivative, the utopia. Whereas in utopian fiction, the setting is depicted as having a variety of characteristics that readers frequently find to be typical of that which they would like to use as the backdrop for a novel, whether it be in utopia or reality. In dystopian fiction, on the other hand, a setting that is depicted as having various characteristics that readers frequently find to be characteristic of that which they would like to avoid in reality, or dystopia, is depicted. Either it is utopian literature or dystopian literature, it always focuses on the writing where we can assess the potential for change through creative imagination. Despite the terminology being so old, their definitions haven't altered all that much over the years. Today, the Oxford English Dictionary defines a dystopia as “An imaginary place or condition in which everything is as bad as possible.”
The dystopian literature propagates hegemonic culture, it is used to maintain consent to the capitalist order and propagates own values and norms so that they become the common sense value for all. Antonio Gramsci defines it as cultural, moral and ideological leadership of a group over allied and subaltern. Whereby elite people possess the power to control their subordinates. In "The Others in India's Other Futures", Sami Ahmad Khan examines India which is undergoing a massive technoscientific transformation and shapes the thing to come. In addition by analysing contemporary sf novels in India, it brings into attention the socio-cultural reality of technoscientific civilization and political issues. Taking into consideration the fallacy of perceiving India as monolithically Hindu, it examines how India's future is being reinterpreted and how the very notion of Hinduism creates threat for other minor communist.
Furthermore, orientation towards otherness gives a rise to precarity, Doleores Herrero analysed the populism and precarity in two contemporary Indian Dystopian fiction; Prayag Akbar's "Leila" and Nayantara Sehagal's "When the Moon Shines by Day". In Dystopia as Julia Gerhardvpoints out, “the concept of individuality is vanishing—personal life merges with the social, human body and mind are appropriated according to the communal needs of the state”. In the light of the above statement both novels can be seen as critical dystopia in which populism and precarity are observed at the same time as well as it highlighted various ways which were used to present the barbarity of contemporary Indian nationalism. It brings to our attention the lethal consequences of intolerance and supremacist beliefs, which can only lead to impoverishing isolation, racism, xenophobia and, last but not least, boost the ruling elite’s burning ambition to monopolise wealth and natural resources at the expense of their subalterns.
It can be said that in present we are living in growing dystopian society whereby slowly and steadily government has been encroaching individual freedom, for instance Governments all over the world quickly created new intelligent surveillance technologies in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, embraced near-real-time data-driven governance, and worked closely with private tech companies. They relied on lockdowns, behavioural engineering, vaccines, and immunity passports while also building on existing digital surveillance infrastructures. In "Thinking the delirious pandemic governance by numbers with Samit Basu's Chosen Spirits and Prayaag Akbar's Leila, Tereza Ostobo Kjldova examines the process of making dystopia. To build their imaginary worlds of high inequality and dehumanising rule, where truth is systematically layered – be it by media, commercial messaging, or ideology — both exaggerate characteristics of technocratic governance, security and surveillance regimes, and neo-feudal connections of allegiance. In both, upper-middle-class heroines are compelled to acknowledge how they contribute to the perpetuation of oppressive structures while the most horrific atrocities unfold in the background. These Indian postcolonial dystopias capture this totalitarian end point of surveillance capitalism as a mode of governance.
Furthermore, dystopian society, technology seems to be the governing force of surroundings that mould human behaviour and decide the behavioural pattern of humans in general and women in particular. Dorothy E Roberts examines the damages caused by the medical model of disability. That promotes eugenic elimination of genetic risk instead of ending discrimination against disabled people supports state reliance on individuals to secure their own well being through the use of genetic technologies. It examines the population control ideology that attributes social inequalities to childbearing by poor women of colour, thereby legitimising punitive regulation of these women's reproductive decisions.
On the basis of literature review it is found that dystopian literature projects the darker elements of Indian society, politics, and culture.It depicts a fictitious world that is oppressive, authoritarian, and frequently futuristic, where people are subjected to various forms of discrimination, violence, and exploitation, as well as lack of individual freedom and creativity. As observed in contemporary dystopian indian english fiction such as Samit Basu’s The Chosen Spirits, Nayantara Sehgal’s When the Moon Shines by the Day, Paryag Akbar’s Leila; it is found that India's dystopian literature is a commentary on the results of unchecked power and corruption as well as a reflection of the social, economic, and political problems that the nation faces. It is a genre that questions the status quo and prompts readers to think critically about the social structures and systems that are currently in place. Everything is interconnected, the past moulds the present, and the present unfolds the future. The future is predicted by taking into account the present.
Work Cited
Baccolini, Raffaella. “Dystopia Matters: On the Use of Dystopia and Utopia.” Spaces
of Utopia: An Electronic Journal, no. 3, Autumn/Winter 2006, pp. 1-4.
Baldick, Chris. The Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms. 3 rd edition. Oxford
University Press, 2008.
Herrero, Dolores. “Populism and Precarity in Contemporary Indian Dystopian Fiction:Nayantara Sehgal's When the Moon Shines by Day and Pryaag Akbar's Leila.” Journal of the Spanish Association of Anglo-American Studies, vol. 42, no. 2020, p. 214-232.
Khan, Sami Ahmad “The Others in India’s Other Futures.” Science Fiction Studies, vol.43, no. 3, 2016, pp. 479–95. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.5621/sciefictstud.43.3.0479. Accessed 30 Apr. 2023.
Kuldova, Tereza Ostobo. “Thinking the delirious pandemic governance by numbers with Samit Basu’s Chosen Spirits and Prayaag Akbar’s Leila.” Journal of Postcolonial Writing, vol. 58, no. 2, 2022. Taylor & Francis Online, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17449855.2022.2040801.
Madhusudana, P N. “Utopian and Dystopian Literature: a comparative study.” International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT), vol. 6, no. 4, Dec 2018, pp. 88-95.
Raval, Piyush. “Dystopian Vision of Indian Society in Prayaag Akbar’s Leila.” Galaxy: International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, vol. 12, no. IV, August 2021, pp. 009-014, https://www.the-criterion.com/V12/n4/IN02.pdf.
Roberts, Dorothy E. “Race, Gender, and Genetic Technologies: A New Reproductive
Dystopia?”Signs, vol. 34, no. 4, 2009, pp. 783–804. JSTOR,
https://doi.org/10.1086/597132 Accessed 30 Apr. 2023.
Robina, Esme R. “Disintegrating The Arena Of Power A Study Of The Future Milieus In The
Select Dystopian Novels” 2020. Shodhganga : a reservoir of Indian theses @
INFLIBNET. Web. 6 May 2022. <http://hdl.handle.net/10603/305933>
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